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There have been several regional enablers and spoilers that have sustained the conflict and contributed to a massive ramp up in domestic military capabilities across both the RSF and SAF. UN analysis, US intelligence reports, and investigative journalists have described alleged arms flows from the UAE to the RSF through a web of brokers, proxies, and middlemen that span Libya, Chad, Uganda, and the Central African Republic. Likewise, there's been allegations of logistical support for the Sudanese army from Egypt, and an influx of Iranian drones and Russian munitions to the Sudanese army, and also sales, allegedly amounting to $120 million, from Turkish arms companies that include drones and various warheads to the Sudanese army."

“Testing has two different implications – the science and the signalling,” says Darya Dolzikova, senior research fellow for proliferation at the Royal United Services Institute...“If Russia or China were to start explosive testing they would be sending a signal of escalating tensions and possibly resorting to nuclear use. In that instance we would be in a very different conversation.”

“The RSF is recycling the tactics of the Janjaweed — mass killings, sexual violence, starvation and abduction,” said Michael Jones, a Sudan expert at the Royal United Services Institute (Rusi) in London...“I suspect what we are looking at a very protracted struggle, I don’t see a clear pathway to a ceasefire or peace,”