Exploitation of Online Spaces and Emerging Technologies

This programme examines the various ways in which communications and communities are exploited, particularly emphasising the misuse of online platforms and new technologies.

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Programme Introduction

The Terrorism and Conflict Studies team has carried out comprehensive research on the various methods by which communications, online communities, and emerging technologies are utilised, and the implications this has for policies and regulations in both the public and private sectors, as well as for practitioners involved in counter-terrorism and the prevention and countering of violent extremism (CT/PCVE).

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Online Spaces

The growing digitalisation of social interactions, information landscapes, and the spread of ideologies has turned online platforms into both opportunities and risks. Our research programme employs an interdisciplinary framework, incorporating gender and intersectional perspectives, to explore various issues related to radicalization and (violent) extremism. This includes examining the connection between online gaming and extremism, as well as the effects of generative AI on disinformation and propaganda, online hate-driven discrimination, and the manipulation and interference of information and media.

Terrorism is commonly defined as a form of politically motivated violence and intimidation, which uses communication strategies to amplify its intended effect of causing terror. Bad actors including terrorist organisations and networks as well as hostile states persist in advancing their strategies for media and information manipulation to fulfil their terrorist objectives and incite conflict, particularly through the dissemination and amplification of misinformation, disinformation, and mal-information.

Online Hate Speech

Online hate speech and discriminatory narratives extend beyond mere expressions of animosity; they frequently act as conduits for radicalisation and the mobilisation of extremist ideologies. Such targeted hate, harassment, and discrimination are prevalent in various online environments globally, particularly affecting minority and historically marginalised identity groups, including women, LGBTQI+, Jewish, Muslim, and other communities.

Violent extremist and terrorist actors employ various platforms as communication tools in their strategies. These approaches may focus on 'traditional' mainstream media outlets, including print newspapers and their corresponding online versions, as well as broadcast television and radio. Furthermore, these strategies frequently leverage online and social media platforms to produce and distribute their own content.

Online Gaming Platforms

Online gaming platforms are also increasingly recognised as environments where radicalisation and exploitation of extremism can take place. Although gaming promotes social connections and the development of communities, specific aspects of gaming culture and online interactions reveal weaknesses that extremist individuals aim to take advantage of.

Artificial intelligence (AI)

Extremist and harmful individuals are increasingly utilising artificial intelligence for purposes of radicalisation and information warfare. The evolution of technology has provided these malicious actors with fresh opportunities to produce radical and extremist material, enhance disinformation efforts, influence public discussions, and automate the spread of content across digital platforms.

Our research aims to develop strategies to address the risks and threats faced by communities in relation to communications, online environments, and emerging technologies.