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The Limits of Xi and Putin’s ‘No-Limits’ Partnership

Russian President Vladimir Putin speaks with Chinese President Xi Jinping during a walk at the Zhongnanhai leadership compound in Beijing, 2 September 2025.

The space between: Russian President Vladimir Putin speaks with Chinese President Xi Jinping during a walk at the Zhongnanhai leadership compound in Beijing, 2 September 2025. Image: Associated Press / Alamy Stock


Despite Russia's obvious economic dependence on China, the Chinese are not yet dictating outcomes, and Russia is not acting like a junior partner. Political, historical, and geographical factors on each side ensure that nothing about the relationship will be simple or straightforward.

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Ruby Osman

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Dan Sleat

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