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Iran is More Prepared for Democracy than Many Realize

Photos of political prisoners killed by the Iranian regime in 1988 are on display in Piazza Santi Apostoli in Rome, 30 July, 2025.

Dual-use institutions: Photos of political prisoners killed by the Iranian regime in 1988 are on display in Piazza Santi Apostoli in Rome, 30 July, 2025. Image: Independent Photo Agency Srl / Alamy Stock


Regime change in Iran is far harder than many assume. But if the Islamic Republic were to fall, the country already possesses a robust institutional scaffolding – linking central ministries to elected authorities in more than 1,000 cities and 35,000 villages – that could become the foundation for a democratic system of governance.

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Kian Tajbakhsh

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