Targeted Sanctions and Serious and Organised Crime: The Role of Political Will

The paper, as part of a wider project, addresses key unresolved questions: what drives governments to adopt or reject SOC‑focused sanctions regimes; how targets are chosen; how host countries respond to external sanctions; and how these responses shape the effects and overall effectiveness of sanctions. The willingness of sanctioning states to impose measures - and the political stance of the targets’ home jurisdictions - are crucial determinants of outcomes.