Europe and the US
I think European countries, and even at NATO, there was always the struggle around multinational programmes. They become quite unwieldy in terms of process. Every nation wants their own bespoke add-ons and then that adds to the price and the complexity and so you end up getting projects that don't work for anyone and they deliver late and over budget. A much more effective model, for example, could be a framework nation model where one steps forward and says ‘I'm quite good at air defence. Let me take the lead on that’. So in the current context, I could see Germany raising its hand and say taking a lead on ground-based air defence, the United Kingdom is quite strong in terms of combat air, so maybe they would raise their hand and lead on that. So instead of multinational procurement, let's look at a model where lead nations can step forward. And then bring in other partners to help finance that and add capabilities to that core niche capability."
