Engineering Lessons for NATO from Russia’s Arctic Trefoil Base

In this research article, Denys Vinskyi quantitatively assesses the capabilities of Russia’s Arctic Trefoil military base. Using an engineering reconstruction approach to open-source data, he considers satellite imagery, video materials and meteorological information to identify the installation’s operating capabilities and key vulnerabilities. The approach not only fills a gap in understanding but also provides benchmarks for NATO’s Arctic planning.