Beyond the Horizon: Revisionist States, Middle Powers and State Threats in the Global South
1 July 2025
Published by SOC ACE Research Programme
Global South State Threats
This synthesis paper draws on research conducted for the paper, providing an overview of how state threats manifest in the Global South. The research confirms that while Western states face major threats from four regimes seeking to revise the current international order – Russia, China, Iran and North Korea – similar patterns of state-on-state hostile behaviour can be observed well beyond the West.

