NATO’s Evolving Landscape in Open Source Intelligence

Fabrizio Minniti and Giangiuseppe Pili examine NATO’s open source intelligence (OSINT) doctrine – as outlined in Allied Joint Publication-2.9 – and analyse its role within the joint intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance process. They examine the advantages of OSINT in intelligence collection, the challenges posed by the information environment and the future developments required to maintain NATO’s intelligence dominance in an increasingly digitalised battlespace. By understanding the strategic implications of OSINT and its future directions, NATO can enhance its intelligence capabilities to address emerging security threats and maintain a competitive edge in global intelligence operations.