Liminal UAV Warfare

This article provides an adaptation of the concept of the air littoral that goes beyond a static spatial definition, by considering the continually evolving technological and societal aspects that shape contested airspace. Kevin Weller, Christian Janke, Michael Holaschke and Bastian Walthier argue that there is a link between key technological and operational characteristics embodied by UAV systems, and the expansion, population and contestation of the air littoral. This link needs to be understood to evaluate contemporary and future socio-technological developments in the context of littoral UAVs.