China’s Nuclear Arsenal and European Security

This project explores how China’s nuclear weapons build-up will affect European security interests.




Imaginechina Limited / Alamy Stock Photo | A Dongfeng-31A missiles group formation marches to celebrate the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China in Beijing


China’s nuclear arsenal is expanding. While much remains uncertain about its trajectory, including the speed, scope and purpose of China’s nuclear build-up, it is clear that a larger Chinese nuclear arsenal will have a range of implications, including potential increases in the US’s nuclear stockpile, a greater emphasis on theatre nuclear options in a regional crisis, and challenges to global arms control regimes.

This project seeks to encourage a debate about the implications of these developments for European security, including asking what actions NATO and the two European nuclear-weapon states, the UK and France, should take in response.

The project is a collaboration between RUSI’s Proliferation and Nuclear Policy and Military Sciences teams.

Imaginechina Limited / Alamy Stock Photo | A Dongfeng-31A missiles group formation marches to celebrate the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China in Beijing

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